Accurate quantitation of food allergens is the crucial technical guarantee for risk assessment and risk management of food allergy. Food allergens detection method in present national standards mainly based on polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. Focusing on the shortcomings of the present methods， this paper emphatically introduces the mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomics and its application in the food allergen quantitation， analyzes the advantages， disadvantages and the application prospects of this technology in food allergens quantitation， facilitating the research and establishment of food allergens quantitation methods.