Twelve samples of fermented camel milk were collected from Xinjiang Yili area， 35 strains were isolated by pure culture method. The strains were identified through the biochemical identification method combined with morphological observation. The results were as follows： 8 strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus； 15 strains of Kazachstania unispora； 9 strains of Kloeckera lindner； 2 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae； 1 strain of Geotrichum candidum， among which Kazachstania unispora was dominant yeasts. The similarity coefficient of the yeast population was 21.9%-73.9%， the Shannon-Wiener index was between 1.92 and 3.41， the abundance S was 10-34， and the samples were clustered into four categories at 40% level. The composition of the yeast community mainly includes Kluyveromyces marxianus， Saccharomyces cerevisiae， Kazachstania unispora， Yarrowia lipolytica and Geotrichum candidum.