Biological speckle technology is an efficient and economical non-destructive testing technology that can describe the biologically active area of the tested item by measuring the change of light interference. The speckle activity reflects the state of the surface and internal tissue of the tested item， and can provide real-time qualitative or quantitative information about the tested item. This article introduces the basic principles of biological speckle technology and speckle image analysis methods， reviews the application progress of biological speckle technology in the food field， and prospects the application of the technology in the future.