复合酶法大黄米多孔淀粉的制备及其微观结构和理化性质
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(吉林农业大学食品科学与工程学院 小麦和玉米深加工国家工程实验室 长春 130118)

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全国粮食行业领军人才专项([L2018201)


Preparation, Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Proso Millet Porous Starch by Combined-enzyme Method
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(National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118)

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    摘要:

    以吸油率为指标,大黄米淀粉为原料,采用复合酶法(α-淀粉酶和糖化酶)制备大黄米多孔淀粉。通过单因素实验与Box-Benhnken响应面试验优化大黄米多孔淀粉制备的工艺参数,并对原淀粉及大黄米多孔淀粉进行结构表征。结果表明,复合酶法制备大黄米多孔淀粉的最优工艺参数是:复合酶添加量1.2%,酶解温度56 ℃,酶解时间14 h,酶解pH 4.6,复合酶配比1∶4。在此条件下大黄米多孔淀粉的吸油率为(174.00±2.00)%。扫描电镜结果显示,形成多孔淀粉后,淀粉颗粒表面存在不均匀分布的孔洞及圆形凹陷,内部呈中空结构。粒度分布测试结果显示,多孔淀粉粒径均减小,淀粉颗粒分布均一度提高。X-射线衍射分析及傅里叶红外光谱表明,酶的水解作用不会改变大黄米淀粉的A型晶体结构及基本化学结构,相对结晶度和红外吸收峰均明显增加,淀粉颗粒内部有序程度提高。低温氮气吸附结果表明,复合酶酶解作用使大黄米淀粉的比表面积由13.9 m2/g增加至29.42 m2/g,孔径由4.143 nm增加至6.637 nm,孔容由14.81×10-3 cm3/g增加至25.05×10-3 cm3/g。黏度测定结果表明,多孔淀粉峰值黏度、崩解值降低。本研究可为多孔淀粉的开发应用及大黄米的精深加工提供参考。

    Abstract:

    Porous starch was prepared by combined-enzyme method (sqaccharaseandα-amylase) by using proso millet starch as rawmaterial and oil absorption rate as index. On the basis of single factor experiment, the process parameters for the preparation of proso millet porous starch was optimized by Box-Benhnken response surface methodology. The structure of the original starch and proso millet porous starch were characterized. The results indicated that the optimal process parameters for preparing proso millet porous starch by combined-enzyme method were combined-enzyme addition of 1.2%, enzymatic reaction temperature of 56 ℃, enzymatic reaction time of 14 h, enzymaticreaction pH of 4.5, combined-enzyme ratio of 1 ∶ 4. Under the optimized process condition, oil absorption rate of proso millet porous starch was (174.00±2.00)%. The surface of porous starch granules had uneven distribution of holes, circular depressions, and the internal structure was hollow by SEM. The particle size distribution test indicated that the particle size decreased slightly and the distribution uniformity of starch particles increased. The enzyme hydrolysis did not change the A-type crystal structure and basic chemical structure of proso millet starch by FT-IR and X-ray diffraction. The relative crystallinity and infrared absorption peak of proso millet starch were significantly increased. The inner order degree of starch granules was improved. Low temperature nitrogen adsorption results showed that the enzymatic digestion of the complex enzyme increased the specific surface area of proso millet starch from 13.9 m2/g to 29.42 m2/g, the pore size from 4.143 nm to 6.637 nm and the pore volume from 14.81×10-3 cm3/g to 25.05×10-3 cm3/g. The pasting property test indicated that the peak viscosity and breakdown of porous starch were reduced. This study can provide reference frame for the development and application of porous starch and the deep processing of proso millet.

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秦智欣,郑明珠,林楠,潘楚,刘景圣.复合酶法大黄米多孔淀粉的制备及其微观结构和理化性质[J].中国食品学报,2023,23(5):138-150

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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-06-25
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