Exopolysaccharides， as a kind of important surface molecule of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum)， have attracted much attention in various fields. Their biosynthesis is mainly regulated by EPS biosynthesis gene clusters. Different L. plantarum strains have different EPS biosynthesis gene clusters， and the resulting exopolysaccharides exhibit different composition and structure. These exopolysaccharides affect the interaction between microbial hosts in a strain specific manner， thus showing good biological functions such as anti-oxidation， anti-tumor and immune regulation. This article summarized the basic characteristics of exopolysaccharides of L. plantarum and reviewed the synthesis and biological functions of exopolysaccharides of L. plantarum， with a view to providing research ideas for analyzing the relationship between genetic information， physicochemical characteristics and physiological functions of the exopolysaccharides biosynthesis and clarifying the mode of probiotic effect of L. plantarum.