In recent years， multispecies probiotic formulation technology has emerged as a research hotspot in the food and pharmaceutical fields due to its multi-target synergistic effects. This paper systematically reviews the research progress， ecological theories， and key influencing factors of multispecies probiotic strain formulation， culminating in a consensus. Multispecies probiotic supplementation achieves significant enhancements in health benefits， such as gut microbiota modulation， immune enhancement， and metabolic improvement， through ecological mechanisms like cross-feeding， functional complementarity， and niche competition. Clinical evidence indicates that multispecies probiotic formulations demonstrate promising efficacy in intervening in digestive disorders， metabolic diseases， autoimmune diseases， and infectious diseases. However， their advantages are not universally applicable， and formulation strategies require comprehensive evaluation based on disease mechanisms， strain characteristics， and synergistic interactions. The consensus emphasizes that future research should focus on elucidating strain interaction mechanisms， developing AI-driven prediction models for multispecies formulation and standardizing production processes. Concurrently， attention should be directed toward defining the applicable boundaries and mitigating risks of multispecies probiotic applications. These efforts will facilitate a paradigm shift from experience-driven to data-driven multispecies probiotic design， providing scientific foundations for precision health interventions.