Synthetic biotechnological foods have gradually entered the consumer market with the rapid development of synthetic biotechnology. However， the potential allergenic risk of such foods has also attracted widespread attention. Establishing a scientific， comprehensive， and strict evaluation system is of vital importance for ensuring the safety of synthetic biotechnological foods. Therefore， the sources and driving factors of allergenic risks of synthetic biotechnological foods were reviewed in this study， with the current effective food allergy assessment strategy summarized， that is， the risk assessment based on the weight of evidence. Meanwhile， the current strategies for the allergenic risk assessment of synthetic biotechnological foods were summarized， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of the potential allergenicity standard assessment system and market application of synthetic biotechnological foods.