Objectives: Bottle gourd (Lagenaria Siceraria)， a characteristic vegetable of the Cucurbitaceae family， is rich in nutrients， yet there is a research gap on its quality traits. This study applied metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis to explore the regulation mechanisms affecting bottle gourd fruit quality. Methods: The study selected two varieties of bottle gourd， ｀BG.3' with sweet-tasting fruits and ｀BG.53' with bitter-tasting fruits. Results: The results of soluble sugar and amino acid content detection showed that there were significant differences in fructose and glucose content between ｀BG.3' and ｀BG.53'， but no significant differences in sucrose content； and there were significant differences in the content of 16 amino acids， with aspartic acid being highest in ｀BG.3.' Metabolomics showed that 16 metabolites related to alkaloid metabolism were differtionally expressed in the two kinds of gourds， 5 metabolites were up-regulated， and 11 metabolites were down-regulated in ｀BG.53'. Transcriptome data revealed a total of 2 571 genes up-regulated and 2 023 genes down-regulated. The photosynthesis-antenna protein regulatory pathway had the highest concentration of up-regulated differentially expressed genes， and 14 DEGs were enriched in this pathway. The most significant enrichment of down-regulated differentially expressed genes was in flavonoid biosynthesis， with two DEGs， namely Lsi10G001660 and Lsi10G001700. Conclusions: Candidate metabolites and genes related to fruit quality of bottle gourd were obtained in this study. These findings provide a basis for further research into bottle gourd fruit quality and offer clues for the breeding of superior bottle gourd varieties.