China has proposed to ｀establish a big food concept and build a diversified food supply system'， which has transformed traditional food processing technology into a diversified innovative technology. As an emerging digital production technology， 3D printing technology has shown great potential and application prospects in the food field. This technology has the advantages of precise processing， personalized customization and environmentally friendly production methods， providing new possibilities for the development of distinctive new food processing methods. This paper first summarizes food 3D printing technology， including extrusion printing， selective laser sintering printing， inkjet printing and adhesive inkjet printing technology. Then， it focuses on the research progress of the application of animal-based materials， plant-based materials and microbial-based materials in food 3D printing technology， as well as the application of 3D printing technology in food products for special populations. Finally， the development of food 3D printing technology is summarized and prospected， aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the application of this technology in the food field.