Objective： Explore the nutritional function and mechanism of Dioscorea opposita thunb. Methods： The chemical components and potential targets of Dioscorea opposita thumb were obtained from the database analysis of the Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform （TCMSP）. The Cytoscape platform was used to construct a Dioscorea opposita thumb-compound-target network， and topological analysis identified the potential important compounds. Using the String database to analyze the protein interaction network of the potential targets of Dioscorea opposita thumb， then screened out the potential pivotal target proteins for the function of Dioscorea opposita thumb. KEGG functional enrichment of potential targets was analyzed by R software to find out the key metabolic pathways to function. Results： The Dioscorea opposita thumb-compound-target network was constructed， and 11 important chemical components related to nutritional pharmacological functions were screened out such as glycine， alanine and stigmasterol. The protein interaction network found 11 key target proteins such as catalase （CAT） and interleukin 6 （IL6）. KEGG pathway enrichment results indicated that Dioscorea opposita thumb might play a nutritive pharmacological function by systematically regulating multiple key metabolic pathways of neuroactive ligand receptor interaction， carbon metabolism， and amino acid biosynthesis. Conclusion： The results provided a scientific basis for the positioning of Dioscorea opposita thumb nutritional pharmacological function， also provided a new method for the systematic elucidation of the mechanism of medicine and food homologous food.