Bacterial food poisoning is a food safety problem， which is mainly caused by food borne pathogens. In the stage of food processing and storage， bacteria have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to adapt to the harsh living environment. For example， it can improve the survival rate by changing the expression level of its own genes. Non coding small molecule RNA (sRNA)， which is abundant in bacteria， plays an important role in regulation. SRNA can promote or inhibit protein synthesis in a variety of ways， which is closely related to the expression of bacterial physiological mechanisms， environmental stress tolerance， etc. Bacteria that induce sRNA transcription and regulate it due to environmental changes will have significant changes in physiology and resistance. It may lead to enhanced resistance of bacteria， which is difficult to be eliminated. At the same time， it will also increase its own toxicity and threaten human life and health. This article mainly reviewed the influence of sRNA on the pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens， and the regulation mode under stress due to environmental change， revealing the role of sRNA in biological adaptive evolution and life activities.