To identify the volatiles and aroma-active components of different pomelo varieties， five kinds of pomelo varieties from Zhejiang， Jiangxi and Fujian were tested. Solid phase microextraction（SPME） combining with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer-olfactometry（GC-MS-O） were used in this research. The chemometric methods， such as principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）， were used to distinguish different pomelo varieties and explain the differences. According to the analysis of volatiles by GC-MS-O， terpenes， alcohols， aldehyde， ketones， esters et al. were identified to be the main classes of volatile components. The content of these classes were different in five pomelo varieties. There are 38 aroma-active components identified in these varieties presenting the aroma properties of citrus， turpentine， balsamic， grass， wood et al. PCA can distinguish different varieties and determine the contribution of volatile components amongthem. PLS-DA has achieved to descriminate aroma characteristics among different varieties， and given the result that the flavor of grass， flower， mint and turpentine could be recognised as the main characteristics to distinguish different varieties. The results showed that the GC-MS-O coupling PCA and PLS-DA could be successfully used to identify and distinguish these five kinds of pomelo in China. This study provides the basis forthe comparison of variety characteristics， the processing of pomelo and the localization of origin.