Hypoglycemic mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum 173 isolated from Shanxi aged Vinegar on type II diabetes rats was studied in this paper. Results showed that the strain of 173 improved the disorders in blood glucose， lipids， and hormones of diabetes rats. The fluorescence quantitative PCR results suggested that Lactobacillus plantarum 173 could regulate liver relative PPARs and GLUT4 mRNA expression， and improved the glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Moreover， Lactobacillus plantarum 173 promoted the growth of SCFA-producing bacteria. The antidiabetic effects of SCFA were closely associated with intestinal G-protein receptors GPR43 and GPR41. Furtherly， this study proved that the genes （ZO-1， Occludin， Claudin and MUC2） expression related to intestinal mucous membrane barrier were also involved in the beneficial effect of L. plantarum 173 on type II diabetes.