The metabolism disorders of cholesterol would trigger several diseases， which could threaten human health seriously. How to regulate and control the metabolism of cholesterol in vitro and vivo is supposed to be one of the most important issue nowadays. The Lactobacillus is the normal flora existing in human intestine， acting as an important role on adjusting the metabolism. The Lactobacillus can influence the level of cholesterol through regulating the expression of key factors in the process of cholesterol metabolism. Those factors include， the HMG-CoA in the synthesizing process of cholesterol metabolism， the CYP7A1 in the catabolism process of cholesterol metabolism， the ABCG5/G8 and NPC1L1 in the absorption and transportation process of cholesterol metabolism， etc. This paper states the related research in terms of key factors that act on the process of the Lactobacillus regulate and control the metabolism of cholesterol. The aim of the paper is to provide theoretical basis of further study on Lactobacillus regulate cholesterol metabolism.