Aiming to solve the widespread problem of hyperlipidemia caused by high-fat diet， this paper studied that the intervention of high-fat diet-induced golden hamsters with hyperlipidemia by high-resistant starch（HRS） prepared from purple yam regulated lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism through improving the caecal microbiota. The results suggested that the golden hamsters showed hyperlipidemia and increased blood glucose by the induction of high-fat diet. After the intervention of 4 weeks of high-dose HRS （1.5 g/100 g bw）， the weights of visceral organs and peripheral fats were significantly reduced. Furthermore， triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） in blood， and blood sugar levels were significantly reduced， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） was significantly increased（P<0.05）. The number of Firmicutes was decreased in the cecum， while the number of Bacteroides and Proteobacteria was increased after HRS intervention. Furthermore， the abundance of representative dominant bacteria groups such as Ruminococcaceae， Lachnospiraceae， Bacteroidales_s24-7_group and Clostridia increased， which effectively improved the imbalance of cecal microbiota.