Food protein is inevitably oxidized during food storage and processing， which resulted in oxidative modification of protein structure and changes in protein nutritional quality. Effect of food protein oxidation on the nutritional status of the body has caused more and more attention in recent years. The possible oxidative stress environment of protein during food processing and storage was firstly analyzed， and then effect of protein oxidation on protein structural characteristics and digestive properties was introduced. Finally， effect of protein oxidation on the redox state of the body and the reaction mechanism of protein oxidation induced oxidative stress and inflammation of body were discussed， and effect of protein oxidation on the nutrition and health of the body was prospected. This review could provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the mechanism of effect of protein oxidation on protein nutrition， and provide a theoretical basis for the safe， rational and effective development of food protein resources.