大米储藏期间风味品质的变化研究
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“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0401103)


Studies on the Changes of Flavor Quality during Rice Storage
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    摘要:

    以盐丰和辽星大米为研究对象,通过含量和滋味活性值(TAV)变化,揭示储藏期间氨基酸和可溶性糖对大米味感的贡献程度。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对大米挥发性物质进行定性分析,同时运用电子舌和电子鼻阐明总体风味差异。结果表明:高温增加氨基酸和果糖含量,减少蔗糖和葡萄糖含量。储藏期间的天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸和蛋氨酸TAV值大于1,且谷氨酸的TAV值最大。蔗糖仅对辽星有甜味贡献;葡萄糖和果糖在储藏期间几乎没有甜味贡献。通过偏最小二乘回归分析建立储藏大米味感物质预测模型,鲜味、甜味氨基酸,葡萄糖和蔗糖的相关系数均接近或超过80%,预测效果较好。挥发性物质在储藏期间发生明显变化,新生成吡嗪类、呋喃酮类、呋喃类、醛类、醇类、酸类等。此外,电子舌和电子鼻判别因子分析可以明显区分不同储藏条件下的大米样品,其进一步表明大米在储藏期间总体味感和气味具有差异。

    Abstract:

    Two rice varieties named Yanfeng and Liaoxing were as research objects studied on flavor changed during rice storage. The results showed that high temperature increased free amino acids and fructose content, but reduced sucrose and glucose content. The TAV values of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, arginine, and methionine during storage were all greater than 1, and the TAV values of glutamic acid were always the largest. Sucrose only contributed to the sweetness of Liaoxing, while glucose and fructose did not contribute to the sweetness during storage. Partial least squares regression analysis was used to establish a prediction model for taste of stored rice. The correlation coefficients of umami amino acids, sweet amino acids, glucose, and sucrose were close to or exceeded 80%. Volatile also changed during storage. Pyrazines, furanone, furans, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, and other substances were newly formed. In addition, discriminant factor analyses of electronic tongue and electronic nose were used to distinguish rice samples, which further indicated that there were differences in the overall information on taste and aroma of rice during storage.

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赵卿宇,王占占,陈博睿,沈群.大米储藏期间风味品质的变化研究[J].中国食品学报,2021,21(6):203-215

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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-07-16
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