Neurodegenerative disease is one of the major public health problems worldwide， but the treatment of these diseases still lacks effective drugs. It is one of the most popular methods that using dietary nutrition to intervene neurodegenerative disease so far. Plant-derived peptides play a significant role in human health by many ways， such as antioxidation， anti-inflammatory， nervous system protection and so on. This article reviews the mechanism of action of plant source peptides on neurodegenerative diseases in rodents， and outlooks its opportunities and challenges in the treatment application of neurodegenerative diseases.