To explore the protective effect of camel milk fat on rheumatoid arthritis in rats. A mixture of bovine protein II and Freund's complete adjuvant was injected subcutaneously into female Wistar rats to create CIA arthritis rat models. After modeling， the rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， diclofenac sodium group and camel milk fat group. After 30 days of camel milk fat smearing treatment， the body weight， hind foot swelling， organ index， pathological changes of synovial slices and articular bone surface changes were measured. The content of inflammatory factors in serum were detected by ELISA. The expression of inflammatory genes in synovial tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that the weight of rats was significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the swelling of foot claws was significantly decreased（P<0.05）. The pathological results showed that the joint clearance and bone erosion were significantly recovered， the inflammatory cells decreased， and the number of newborn cells increased in synovial tissue. The content of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 （P<0.05） was significantly increased， and the content of inflammatory factor IL-1β and IL-6 was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. The gene expression of IL-1β、IKK、IκB、RIP1 in synovial tissue was significantly reduced（P<0.05）. Thus， camel milk fat might reduce inflammatory factor expression by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway， thereby alleviating arthritis in CIA rats.