预干燥方式和水分转换点对真空冷冻联合干燥苹果脆片品质的影响
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兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目(2019AB 024);“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0400700,2016YFD0400704)


Effects of Pre-drying Methods and Moisture Conversion Point on the Quality of Freeze Dried Apple Chips
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    摘要:

    针对真空冷冻干燥(FD)苹果脆片硬脆性不佳,吸湿性强,干燥能耗高等问题,研究热风、真空微波、热泵、中短波红外等不同预干燥方式联合真空冷冻干燥(AD-FD、MVD-FD、HPD-FD、IRD-FD)对苹果脆片色泽、香气、硬度、脆度、吸湿性、微观结构、酚类物质等感官品质和营养功能成分的影响。在此基础上筛选出效果较好的热泵干燥作为预干燥方式,研究热泵干燥至不同水分转换点(水分比:0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8)后联合真空冷冻干燥(H2F、H4F、H6F、H8F)对苹果脆片品质的影响。结果表明:4种联合干燥方式均可有效提高脆片硬度。与FD单一方式制备苹果脆片相比,热泵联合真空冷冻干燥(水分转换点0.4)的有效干燥时间缩短22.7%,干燥能耗降低18.3%,苹果脆片硬度提高35%,脆度提高94%,吸湿性降低12.2%(2 h),微观结构保持良好,绿原酸等主要酚类物质保留率达到70.8%,香气更为接近鲜苹果。综合考虑,热泵联合真空冷冻干燥可作为一种制备高品质苹果脆片的绿色节能干燥方法。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of freeze-dried (FD) apple chips, such as soft texture, hygroscopicity and high energy consumption, this study researched the effects of different pre-drying, i.e., hot air (AD-FD), microwave vacuum (MVD-FD), heat pump (HPD-FD) and medium short wave infrared (IRD-FD), combined freeze drying on color, texture (hardness, crispness), hygroscopicity, microstructure, sensory quality and nutritional functions (phenolic compounds, VC) of apple chips. And on this basis, the better heat pump drying was selected as the pre-drying method, the effects of heat pump drying at different water transfer points (moisture ratio: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) combined with vacuum freeze drying (H2F, H4F, H6F, H8F) on the quality of apple chips were studied. The results showed that combined drying could effectively improve the hardness of the apple chips. Compared with the FD products, the energy consumption decreased by 18.3%, the hardness of the H4F dried apple chips increased by 35%, crispness increased by 94%, hygroscopicity decreased by 12.2% (2 h), the microstructure remained good, the retention rate of major phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid was 70.8%, and the aroma of product was closer to that of the fresh samples. In general, the quality of apple chips can be effectively controlled by using heat pump drying to different moisture ratio and then using freeze drying to the final water content.

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马有川;毕金峰;易建勇;杜茜茜;金新文;李所彬.预干燥方式和水分转换点对真空冷冻联合干燥苹果脆片品质的影响[J].中国食品学报,2021,21(9):110-120

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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-10-19
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