Objective： To study the discrepancy of gut microbiota between patients with hyperlipidemia and people without hyperlipidemia. Methods： Illumina HiSeq second-generation sequencing technology was used to analyze the gut microbiota composition and abundance， and the inverse probability of treatment weighting（IPTW） method was used to correct confounding factors. The discrepant gut microbiota of hyperlipidemia was screened by QIIME2 ANCOM， and the R Tax4Fun package was used for functional prediction. Results： There were 7 discrepant ASVs between the hyperlipidemia group and the non-hyperlipidemia group（ASV_232、ASV_63、ASV_173、ASV_46、ASV_393、ASV_283、ASV_41）.There was only one discrepant ASV between the TG group and the non-TG group（ASV_422）. There were 18 discrepant ASVs between the HDL-C group and the non-HDL-C group（ASV_9、ASV_15、ASV_28、ASV_36、ASV_50、ASV_56、ASV_80、ASV_99、ASV_153、ASV_45、ASV_636、ASV_243、ASV_109、ASV_516、ASV_13、ASV_74、ASV_96、ASV_259）. Functional prediction results showed that the functional composition of the sample in the hyperlipidemia group and the non-hyperlipidemia group was highly similar， and no significant difference was found. Most functional genes were related to energy metabolism. Conclusion： The discrepancy of gut microbiota between patients with hyperlipidemia and people without hyperlipidemia is Lachnospiraceae、 Ruminococcaceae at family level， Bifidobacterium， Faecalibacterium， Bacteroides， Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013， Agathobacter， Subdoligranulum， Lachnoclostridium， Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010 at genus level， functional prediction showed that carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism accounted for a large proportion.