In recent years， in order to solve the problem of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria， a variety of new antimicrobial agents emerged. Among them， the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） is quite outstanding， so it has been widely concerned. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs involves complex biological processes such as biofilm， cell damage and gene expression. Oxidative stress reaction plays an important role in this biological process. Under the stress of AgNPs， excessive reactive oxygen species（ROS） is produced in microorganisms， which stimulates intracellular oxidative stress and causes the following three effects： destruction of cell wall， cell membrane and its contents； affecting oxidative stress related gene expression； changes in protein translation processes and metabolic pathways. Based on this， this paper introduced the generation of microbial oxidative stress under the stress of AgNPs， focusing on the influence mechanism of oxidative stress on microorganisms at the levels of cells， gene expression， transcriptome and proteome. This is helpful to further understand the role of oxidative stress in the antimicrobial mechanism of AgNPs.