Nitrofurans are synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics， including furazolidone， nitrofurantoin， furantoin， nitrofurazone and so on. Because of its low price and good antibacterial effect， it is widely used in the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases in livestock and aquatic animals. However， nitrofurans have mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Many countries have already banned the use of nitrofurans in animal food production， but the illegal use of nitrofurans is still widespread. Immunochromatography is a combination of chromatography and immunological reaction. Immunochromatography has been widely used in the detection of nitrofurans in food owing to its advantages of simple operation， low cost， high specificity and high sensitivity. In this paper， the basic principle of immunochromatography was summarized， and the application of immunochromatography with different labeling materials in the detection of nitrofurans in food was reviewed， and the future development trend was prospected.