In recent years， with the rapid development of culture-free molecular biology technology， breakthroughs have been made in the study of intestinal microorganisms. Of the multiple host-endogenous and host-exogenous factors involved， diet emerges as a pivotal determinant of gut microbiota community structure and function. For this reason， we discussed the relationship between healthy or unhealthy diets and gut microbiota. At the same time， it summarizes how the ingredients in the food interact with the gut microbiota to affect the health of the body. It aims to provide a reference for future research on the relationship between diet， intestinal microbes and health.