Objective: To report young investigation which was a nutrition and health survey on maternal and 0-36 months infants & toddlers among 10 different geographic areas， different economic development level cities including Beijing， Guangzhou， Suzhou， Nanchang， Ningbo， Xuchang， Shenyang， Chengdu， Lanzhou & Huhhot. Method: Total of 973 lactating women in ten cities including Beijing， Guangzhou， Suzhou， Nanchang， Ningbo， Xuchang， Shenyang， Chengdu， Lanzhou and Huhhot were recruited， they were divided into puerperium period， early stage of the nursing and late stage of nursing according to lactation period， the nutrition and health information of lactating women were collected by questionnaires such as socioeconomics questionnaires including pre-pregnancy and before delivery body weight， qualified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)， 24 h dietary record and dietary supplement questionnaire used to calculate food and nutrient intake and develop the dietary pattern； questionnaire including traditional postpartum practice， questionnaires on postpartum anxiety and depression； anthropometry record the height and body weight at the investigation day， body composition were tested by Inbody instrument， blood pressure was measured on-site； fasting blood were collected to test hemoglobin level， serum vitamin A were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. This article concludes 3 published papers. Results: The amount of lactating women diary & vegetables intakes was lower than recommendations in Chinese dietary pagoda； 59.5% of participants self-reported adhering to certain postpartum practices， women who adhere to postpartum practice had significant lower dietary green leafy vegetables， but high dietary meat， algae， fruits & root vegetables intake. The amount of dairy food， diary & food dietary pattern were positively related to blood serum vitamin A level， meanwhile， blood vitamin A level was negatively associated with postpartum depression. Conclusion: Lactating women's nutritional status need to be improved currently， we should encourage food industry and public nutrition condensation to develop healthy and proper food for breastfeeding women to improve mateernal and infants' nutritional health.