Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) anthocyanins (SWCN)， thus providing a scientific basis for the promotion and application of sweet cherries as a functional agriculture product. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet supplemented with SWCN. The glucose intolerance-improving effect of SWCN were evaluated based on an oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)， an insulin tolerance test (ITT) and the serum concentrations of glucose and insulin. Total liver RNA was extracted and real-time quantitative PCR was applied to determine the differential expression levels of genes related to glucose metabolism in the liver. Results: Mice fed HFD developed obesity， and dietary SWCN could decrease serum levels of glucose and insulin， and attenuated HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Realtime PCR results showed that dietary SWCN significantly upregulated the transcription level of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS2)， and downregulated the transcription levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phsophatase catalytic (G6PC). Conclusion: Dietary SWCN could activate the insulin signaling pathway and inhibit the gluconeogenesis pathway in the liver， thereby reducing the fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and enhancing glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice.