To investigate the active substance content of the L. pumilum DC bulbs and its relationship with ecological factors， L. pumilum from 8 sampling sites were used as experimental materials. The contents of total phenol， polysaccharide， saponin and alkaloid in L. pumilum bulbs and the contents of total organic carbon (C)， total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) in soil were determined by using the methods of Foling-Shoka eolorimetry， Sulfuric acid-phenol method， Vanillin colorimetry， Bromocresol green colorimetry， TOC analyzer， automatic kjeldahl nitrogen determination apparatus， vanadium molybdate yellow colorimetry and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. And using Redundancy Analysis (RDA) method to analyze the active substance contents and 16 ecological factors， including annual average temperature， annual average minimum temperature， annual average maximum temperature， water vapor pressure， average annual rainfall， wind speed， total solar radiation， total organic carbon， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， soil carbon to nitrogen ratio， soil carbon to phosphorus ratio， soil nitrogen to phosphorus ratio. The results showed that: the average contents of total phenol， polysaccharide， saponin and alkaloid in the bulbs of L. pumilum were 2.11， 19.95， 1.44， 12.57 mg/g， respectively. And the RDA analysis showed that the total explanation amount of the four active substances by environmental variables was 61.6%. The content of saponin in the bulbs of L. pumilum varies with WVP and MAP， and decrease with the increase of latitude and total solar radiation， which indicates that sufficient water in a certain range was conducive to the accumulation of saponins. The total phenolic content varies with the increase of longitude， indicating that the higher longitude is helpful to the enrichment of polyphenols in L. pumilum bulbs， and alkaloid does not change significantly with climate factors. The increase of total nitrogen content in soil can significantly improve the content of saponin and polysaccharide in L. pumilum bulbs， indicating that the soil with high nitrogen content is conducive to the accumulation of active substances in L. pumilum bulbs in Ningxia. The content of polyphenols increased with the increase of soil C ∶ P， and the content of alkaloid decreased with the increase of soil total phosphorus， indicating that high carbon and low phosphorus soil was conducive to the synthesis and accumulation of active substances in L. pumilum. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the rational utilization and high-quality cultivation of Ningxia L. pumilum.