Protein is one of the most important nutrients for human. However， husbandry-based protein supply faces up to severe environment pollution， extensive land use and freshwater withdrawals， which cannot meet the increase requirements of protein due to increasing population and improved living standard. Microbial protein can be quantitatively produced using less resource， which has high production efficiency and low carbon dioxide emission. As an important alternative protein， microbial protein manufacturing provides important approach for sustainable protein supply. In this work， we firstly discussed the importance of microbial protein manufacturing for sustainable protein supply. Next， advances of microbial protein manufacturing were systematically summarized. Finally， perspectives on important research direction of microbial protein manufacturing were discussed. Developing and applying highly efficient microbial protein manufacturing is of great importance for protein resources supply.