Dietary structure and nutritional balance are important for human health， and the irrational diet is closely related to the high incidence of chronic diseases. Precision nutrition aims to provide safe and efficient nutritional intervention according to individual background characteristics， improve dietary imbalance， maintain human health， and effectively prevent and control diseases. Functional factors in food can regulate human function by activating enzyme activity or other ways， which is an important material basis for precision nutrition and an important means for nutritional regulation. Aiming at the problems of poor solubility， stability and bioavailability of functional factors， the establishment of the steady-state targeted delivery system helps to improve the stability and bioavailability of functional factors， realize the controlled release of targeted action sites in vivo， and provide the pathways and methods of nutritional intervention for precision nutrition. In this paper， the key links between precision nutrition and life and health， the promotion effect of targeted delivery of food functional factors on the realization of precision nutrition， and the bottleneck problems were summarized， and the current situation of steady-state targeted delivery and controlled release of functional factors， as well as the internal relationship and important role of precision nutrition was discussed. The steady-state targeted delivery of active peptides， unsaturated fatty acids， polyphenols， and carotenoids， as well as their nutritional intervention effects on inflammatory bowel disease， cancer， alcoholic fatty liver， atherosclerosis， and obesity were introduced in detail. The development trends， opportunities， and challenges of precision nutrition industry in China were summarized and prospected， aiming to provide reference for steady-state targeted delivery of food functional factors to boost and promote the scientific research and industrial application of food functional factors.