The resource of dietary hydrocolloids is abundance. Among them， complex polysaccharide-type hydrocolloids are natural sources of water-soluble dietary fiber， which are widely used food additives with additional high nutritional value. A large number of studies have shown that various types of dietary hydrocolloids can enrich differential bacteria species， thereby playing regulatory roles through the gut-liver axis and gut-brain axis. Therefore， establishing the interaction network of 'dietary hydrocolloids-gut microbiota-human health' has important innovative significance for the development of personalized diet. In this paper， the physicochemical properties and functional activities of complex polysaccharide-type hydrocolloids were systematically summarized， and the research and development of the microbiota-oriented strategies of dietary hydrocolloids were focused， thus provide theoretical references for future health intervention.