Probiotics are living microorganisms and are increasingly used as nutritional supplements to improve the health of athletes. The beneficial effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal health and upper respiratory tract illness symptoms have been well-acknowledged. Therefore， supplementation of probiotics may indirectly improve athletic performance. However， some recent studies have shown that probiotic intervention can improve the performance of endurance athletes， but the mechanism remains controversial and unclear. This article reviewed the latest research on the performance of endurance athletes with probiotic supplementation， to explore the mechanism of improving the performance of direct and indirect， including alleviating fatigue， promoting post-exercise recovery， promoting nutrient absorption and energy collection， improving the body's immune function and intestinal health， as well as reduce oxidative stress. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for using probiotics to maintain the functional state of athletes and to provide new ideas for improving the performance of endurance athletes.