The demand for protein is increasing， alternative protein has attracted global attention as advanced technology because it can effectively alleviate the problem of food crisis and environmental pollution. It is also urgent to be established and improved risk assessment and supervisory regulations of alternative protein products based on food safety considerations. The United States， European Union and Singapore are exploring the regulatory framework of alternative proteins. This paper discusses the possible food safety risks of alternative protein from the aspects of raw materials， production process and technology， such as external additives， production process and products； systematically reviews the main policy requirements and regulatory framework between China and foreign countries， and forecasts the future development trend. Finally， some suggestions are proposed for building safety evaluation， risk assessment and supervision of alternative protein products， and promoting the industrialization development in relevant fields.