Objective: To study the preventive effect of rape pollen extract on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice induced by high-fat diet. Methods: The antioxidant activity of rape pollen extract was determined by DPPH and OH methods. Sixty mice were divided into normal group， model group， metformin group (200 mg/kg)， low-， medium- and high-doses rape pollen extract (2， 4， 8 g/kg). While the normal group mice were fed with regular diet， the other groups were fed with high-fat diet， at the same time， the drug was administered once a day. After 10 weeks of continuous feeding， the related biochemical indexes in serum and liver and the expression of p-AMPK and AMPK protein were detected. The pathological changes of liver were observed by HE staining. Result: The rape pollen extract has strong antioxidant capacity. After intervention， compared with the model group， the liver weight of mice in the high-dose group decreased significantly. In all intervention groups， the levels of AST， ALT， TG， TC and LDL-C in serum and TG， TC and MDA in liver tissue were significantly decreased， while the levels of HDL-C in serum and SOD in liver tissue were significantly increased. The expression of p-AMPK protein in liver tissue was significantly up-regulated， and the symptoms of liver pathological injury were improved. Conclusion: Rape pollen extract can prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fat in mice， and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of AMPK signal pathway.