不同酶处理对多孔大米淀粉性能的影响
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(1.黑龙江省农业科学院 农产品质量安全研究所 哈尔滨 150000;2.黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院 黑龙江绥化 152000)

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Effects of Different Enzyme Treatments on the Properties of Porous Rice Starch
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(1.Quality and Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150000;2.Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suihua 152000, Heilongjiang)

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    摘要:

    使用麦芽糖α-淀粉酶(MA)和淀粉葡糖苷酶(AMG)分别处理制备多孔大米淀粉,对其表征特性进行对比分析。通过扫描电镜可知,这两种酶均使淀粉颗粒表面产生蜂窝状多孔结构。经酶处理的大米淀粉颗粒的相对结晶度(25.54%~33.26%)均高于天然淀粉的相对结晶度(23.74%)。MA处理增加了短支链淀粉链的数量,并且随着酶处理时间的延长降低了分子质量。与对照组相比,MA和AMG处理的淀粉颗粒溶胀度、表观直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度、崩解值、最终黏度和回生值均下降。MA处理的淀粉颗粒具有更高的溶解指数(1.46%~2.57%),AMG处理的淀粉颗粒的溶解指数均小于0.42%。与对照组相比,经酶处理的大米淀粉糊化温度会延迟0.8~6.0 ℃,焓变增加范围在1.0~3.8 J/g。

    Abstract:

    Porous rice starches were prepared using maltose α-amylase (MA) and amyloglucosidase (AMG), respectively, and their characterisation was compared and analysed. Scanning electron microscopy showed that both enzymes produced a honeycomb-like porous structure on the surface of starch granules. The relative crystallinity of the enzymatically treated rice starch granules was higher (25.54%-33.26%) than that of the natural starch (23.74%). The MA treatment increased the number of short-branched starch chains and reduced the molecular mass with increasing enzyme treatment time. The solubility, apparent straight-chain starch content, peak viscosity, disintegration value, final viscosity and regeneration value of starch granules decreased in both MA- and AMG-treated starch granules compared to the control. The solubility of starch granules from the MA treatment was higher (1.46%-2.57%) and the solubility of starch granules from the AMG treatment were both less than 0.42%. Compared to the control, the starch paste temperature of the enzyme-treated rice would be delayed by 0.8-6.0 ℃, with an increase in enthalpy change in the range of 1.0 to 3.8 J/g.

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王翠玲,戴常军,王晶,刘晴,董晓慧,史冬梅,潘博,孙丽容,李宛.不同酶处理对多孔大米淀粉性能的影响[J].中国食品学报,2023,23(5):21-30

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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-06-25
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