Probiotics have broad application prospects in the research and production of new functional foods， pharmaceuticals， and microecological formulations due to their functions of regulating intestinal microbiota， preventing constipation， and enhancing intestinal immunity. In recent years， the consumption of probiotic products has been increasing at a rate of 20% year by year. Due to the high susceptibility of probiotics to inactivation due to external light， temperature， oxygen， and other factors during processing and storage， they also need to withstand the challenges of gastrointestinal environments such as gastric acid and bile salts after ingestion. Only a few bacteria can reach the intestine， making it difficult for many probiotic products to achieve the expected number of viable bacteria and actual results. How to maintain the activity of probiotics for a long time has become a 'bottleneck' technology that restricts the development of the probiotic industry. In recent years， significant progress has been made in the application of microcapsule encapsulation and targeted delivery systems in the fields of materials and probiotics， improving the survival rate， stability， and practical efficacy of probiotics and their products during processing and storage. This article provided an overview of the current research status of targeted delivery of probiotics， summarized the research progress， existing problems， and development trends of wall materials and embedding techniques for probiotic microcapsules in recent years， with the aim of providing reference for further research and development of highly active probiotic products and technologies， and improving the efficacy of probiotic products in the body.