Milk fat globules (MFG) are secreted by mammalian glands and consist of a triacylglycerol core surrounded by a triple membrane structure， namely milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). MFGM is composed of a complex mixture of proteins， lipids， vitamins and minerals. According to reports， MFGM can promote brain development， protect human immune function and promote the growth of intestinal microbes and many other positive effects. Nowadays， with the continuous innovation of production technology， some of the biologically active proteins and lipids in MFGM can be enriched by purification， and then added to infant formula milk powder to make its nutrient content closer to breast milk. Mothers who cannot directly breastfeed their children provide suitable options. Therefore， this article aims to provide a scientific basis for reducing the difference between the nutritional requirements of infant formula and infants and young children by introducing the main components， sources and functions of milk fat globules and milk fat globule membranes and their effects on infants and young children's health.