Trans Fatty Acids (TFA) are mainly derived from hydrogenated vegetable oils and ruminant foods (synthesized by biological hydrogenation in rumen). The intake of total TFA in human diet is closely related to the increase of cardiovascular metabolic disease risk factors and the development of cardiovascular disease. However， the effects of the industrial TFA (iTFA) and the ruminant TFA (rTFA) on cardiovascular metabolic disease risk factors are still controversial. In view of this， the latest research results in this field in China and abroad are reviewed in this article. The effects of the intake of iTFA and rTFA on the risk factors of cardiovascular metabolic diseases in adults were analyzed systematically based on the comprehensive consideration of gender and age of human subjects， TFA intake， and food nutritional composition， etc. The results showed that the intake of the two types of TFA would resulted in an increase of the level of metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease， but the effects of rTFA on metabolic risk of cardiovascular disease were higher than those of iTFA， and the effects of rTFA were also higher for women than for men. Additionally， the risk of cardiovascular metabolic diseases was related not only to the source of TFA， but also to gender of human subjects， TFA intake， and their dietary structure. Therefore， the relationship between the intake of TFA and the risk of cardiovascular diseases under different populations and different dietary models should be further studied， which would provide scientific evidences for the establishment of acceptable daily intake of TFA for Chinese residents.