Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) constitute the third most abundant solid component in human milk and play a crucial role in establishing distinctive intestinal flora and bolstering immunity in infants and young children. The discovery， production， and application of HMOs hold significant importance in enhancing the health of certain populations and nutritional requirements， thereby benefiting society's overall well-being. HMOs have received regulatory approval and/or commercial availability in over 100 countries and regions. The primary method employed for their production involves microbial fermentation， resulting in HMO structures that are identical to those found in breast milk. Extensive animal toxicology experiments and clinical trials have confirmed the safety of HMOs for use in infant formula food. To foster industrial progress in the development of high-quality infant formula， food for special medical purposes and other related fields in China， as well as to cater to the nutritional and health needs of a more extensive consumer base， the relevant experts in academic and industrial circles were organized by Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology to form this consensus after extensive discussions through enquiries， literature retrieval and seminars， which promotes the legal use of HMOs in China's food industry.