Objective: To understand the status of the pesticide residues and their dietary exposure risk of litchi sold in city markets. Methods: 126 pesticide residues in 100 batches samples of the whole fruit and pulp of litchi collected from Shanghai， Hangzhou， Nanjing， Changsha and Jinan were detected and analyzed. The risk of chronic dietary exposure and acute dietary exposure of the residues were assessed and ranked. Results: The detection rate of pesticide residues in the whole fruit and pulp of litchi was 100% and 54%， the number of the pesticides detected was 38 and 12， and the exceeding rate is 43% and 0%， respectively； The risk range of pesticide chronic dietary exposure was 0.00~21.75%， with an average of 1.05%， and the risk range of acute dietary exposure was 0.03~37.00%， with an average of 2.99%. There were 5 kinds of high risk pesticides， including chlorpyrifos， cypermethrin， methomyl， pyrazolidoxifen and omethoate， and the medium and low risk pesticides were 8 and 25 respectively. Conclusion: The risk values of chronic dietary exposure and acute dietary exposure of pesticide residues in the whole fruit of litchi sold in five cities were lower than 100%， which was acceptable； The situation of pesticide residues in the whole fruit of litchi was not optimistic， the pesticide residues level in pulp is lower than that in the whole fruit， thus their dietary exposure risk is also lower； It was suggested that the registration of pesticides used in litchi and the formulation and revision of the maximum residue limits (MRLs) required.