Microorganisms of aquatic products have a specific succession regularity during storage period. Specific spoilage bacteria occupying a quantitative advantage in the later stage of storage has strong spoilage potential， which exerts a significant role in the spoilage of aquatic products. Based on the overview of the microbial succession regularity during the storage of aquatic products， main types of specific spoilage bacteria， biofilm formation as well as spoilage mechanisms were introduced， and it was concluded that related functional genes expression and extracellular enzymes secretion were important factors for spoilage of dominant spoilage bacteria in aquatic products. In the view of myofibril proteins degradation， nucleotide-related product metabolism， and lipid oxidation， the spoilage pathway of specific spoilage bacteria was expounded. In particular， it is proposed that the internal regulation mechanism among coding gene expression， dominant spoilage bacteria and quality of aquatic products should be emphasized from molecular level combined with whole genome sequence level， especially the mixed dominant spoilage bacteria. At the same time， metabolomics technology can be used to construct metabolic pathways of dominant spoilage bacteria， and the interaction mechanisms among different metabolic pathways should also be focused on， aiming to providing theoretical reference for revealing the spoilage mechanism of aquatic products， targeting spoilage bacteria and adopting effective preservation strategies.