In order to explore the changing of lignin in bamboo shoots， the Phyllostachys praecox were stored at room temperature (25 ℃) and low temperature (4 ℃)， and the enzyme activity and relative gene expression related to changes in lignin content and components were studied. The results showed that: at room temperature， the bamboo shoots showed changes such as yellowing and decay after stored for 6 days； under low temperature storage conditions， the bamboo shoots showed yellowing and decay until the 24th day. Stored at low temperature for 6 days， the lignin content was 13.22 mg/g， and increased to 26.31 mg/g on the 24th day. The total amount of amino acids did not change much under low-temperature storage conditions， and it showed a slow downward trend at room temperature. On the 6th day， the amino acids decreased by 21.78% at the room-temperature storage. Enzyme activities such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL)， peroxidase(POD)， cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)， and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H) showed a significant upward trend with extending storage time. Enzyme activities under room temperature storage were higher than those under low temperature storage. Low temperature reduced the activity of bamboo fiber-related enzymes by inhibiting the expression of genes related to bamboo lignin formation， thereby slowing down the process of lignification. Under the low temperature， the number of genes related to down-regulated expression increased with the extending of storage time. The most significant down-regulation of genes were observed at 24 d， while the amount of up-regulated genes was relatively small， with the smallest number observed at 12 d. The relative expression levels of LAC-10， POD-10， HCT-10， CAD-10， and CCR-10 genes showed an overall upward trend under low temperature storage， while the relative expression level of COMT-10 gene decreased continuously. This study provides a theoretical basis for controlling post-harvest quality of bamboo shoots.