To investigate the anti-Parkinson's disease (PD) activity of EPA/DHA-rich phosphatidylcholine (PCEPA/DHA) and related mechanisms， MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells were used to construct a Parkinson's disease cell model， and the effects of EPA/DHA-phosphatidylcholine (PCEPA/DHA) on the viability， cell morphology and ROS levels of MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells were analyzed， and the mechanism was explored by transcriptomic techniques. The results showed that the optimal condition for PD modeling was 600 μmol/L MPP+ treatment of SH-SY5Y cells for 24 h. The relative cell viability of the PD model decreased by (53.71±3.21)%. PCEPA/DHA dose-dependently enhanced MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell viability， improved cell morphology and reduced cellular oxidative stress levels. Transcriptomic results showed that the protective effects of PCEPA/DHA on MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells were closely associated with improved mitochondrial dysfunction， improved dopamine and synuclein alpha-related functions， and inhibition of apoptosis.