Objective: This experiment analyzed the resveratrol composition in peanut red coat to investigate the antioxidant effects of its main component trans-resveratrol (RES) on human embryonic kidney cell 293 (HEK293T) and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods: The resveratrol in peanut red coat was extracted by ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic method， and the constituents of the crude extract of resveratrol in peanut red coat were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The highest toxicity of RES on HEK293T cells was detected by cell viability assay， its effects of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE antioxidant signaling pathway was detected by luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot assay， and its in vitro antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH free radical clearance. Results: The results of HPLC-MS showed that resveratrol glycosides， paclitaxel and RES were contained in peanut red coat. Since resveratrol mainly exists in the form of trans-resveratrol in nature， RES was selected for the subsequent experiments. The results of cell viability assay showed that the highest non-toxic concentration of RES on HEK293T cells was 50 μmol/L， and the in vitro antioxidant effects was concentration-dependent. Western blot results showed that RES induced Nrf2-mediated expression of three target proteins heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)， quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM). In addition， the results of the DPPH radical scavenging assay showed that RES could effectively scavenge DPPH radicals and had in vitro antioxidant capacity. Conclusion: The major components of resveratrol in peanut red coat have antioxidant effects on HEK293T cells and can activate a potential antioxidant activity through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.