电场辅助冰温和超冰温贮藏对生鲜牛肉品质的影响
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(中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所 农业农村部农产品质量安全收贮运管控重点实验室 北京 100193)

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国家农业科技创新工程院所重点任务(CAAS-ASTIP-G2022-IFST-02)


Effects of Electric Field Assisted Controlled Freezing Point Storage and Supercooling Storage on the Quality of Fresh Beef
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(Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193)

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    摘要:

    为研究电场辅助冰温和超冰温贮藏对生鲜牛肉品质的影响,以牛米龙肉为试验材料,分析电场(设备输出电压3 300~4 000 V,电流0.04 A)辅助冰温(-1 ℃)、超冰温(-3 ℃)和非电场(对照组)条件下贮藏0,7,14,21,28,35 d牛肉pH值、色泽、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量、硫代巴比妥酸(TBARS)含量、蒸煮损失、质构、T2弛豫时间及挥发性气味的变化。结果表明,在贮藏35 d时,-1 ℃+电场组的pH值为5.84、TBARS值为0.55 mg MDA/kg、蒸煮损失为31.84%,显著低于-1 ℃组的5.97、0.60 mg MDA/kg和36.19%(P<0.05);-1 ℃+电场组a值为10.22,显著高于-3 ℃组(7.83)和-3 ℃+电场组(9.63)。贮藏21 d时,-1 ℃+电场和-3 ℃+电场组的菌落总数分别为4.87 lg(CFU/g)和5.04 lg(CFU/g),TVB-N含量为10.03 mg/100和10.15 mg/100 g,显著低于各自的对照组【5.36 lg(CFU/g)和5.43 lg(CFU/g),10.85 mg/100 g和10.50 mg/100 g】;同样的,在贮藏第28天,-1 ℃+电场组P21(86.93)和-3 ℃+电场组P21(89.69)显著高于各自对照组(84.94和86.87,P<0.05)。-3 ℃+电场组硬度在贮藏到35 d时为84.95 kg,显著高于-3 ℃组(77.71 kg,P<0.05)。在同一贮藏时间点,冰温组与超冰温组牛肉间各品质指标差异不显著(P>0.05),电场处理组牛肉色泽、弹性、凝聚性、咀嚼性及恢复性与对照组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:电场辅助冰温、超冰温贮藏可有效改善牛肉的品质和新鲜度,延缓品质劣变。

    Abstract:

    To study the effect of electric field-assisted controlled freezing point storage and supercooling storage on the quality of fresh beef, silverside muscle was used as the test material, to analysis changes in pH value, color, total number of colonies, TVB-N content, TBARS content, cooking loss, texture, T2 relaxation time and volatile odor of beef storage on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 under electric field (equipment output voltage 3 300-4 000 V, current 0.04 A) assisted controlled freezing point (-1 ℃) and supercooling (-3 ℃), and non-electric field storage (control group). The results showed that after 35 days of storage, the pH value of the -1 ℃ + electric field group was 5.84, the TBARS value was 0.55 mg MDA/kg, and the cooking loss was 31.84%, significantly lower than the 5.97, 0.60 mg MDA/kg, and 36.19% of the -1 ℃ group (P<0.05). The a value of the -1 ℃ + electric field group was 10.22, significantly higher than that of the -3 ℃ group (7.83) and the -3 ℃ + electric field group (9.63). When stored for 21 days, the total bacterial count of the -1 ℃ + electric field and -3 ℃ + elecrtic field groups were 4.87 lg(CFU/g) and 5.04 lg(CFU/g), respectively, and the TVB-N content was 10.03 mg/100 g and 10.15 mg/100 g, significantly lower than their respective control groups of 5.36 lg(CFU/g) and 5.43 lg(CFU/g), and 10.85 mg/100 g and 10.50 mg/100 g (P<0.05). Similarly, on the 28th day of storage, P21(86.93) in the -1 ℃ + electric field group and P21 (89.69) in the -3 ℃ + electric field group were significantly higher than 84.94 and 86.87 in their respective control groups (P<0.05). The hardness of the 3 ℃ + electric field group was 84.95 kg after storage for 35 days, significantly higher than that of the -3 ℃ group (77.71 kg, P<0.05). At the same storage time point, there was no significant difference in various quality indicators between the controlled freezing point storage group and the supercooling storage group (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the beef color, elasticity, cohesion, chewiness and recovery were not significantly different in the electric field treatment group (P>0.05). Therefore, electric field assisted controlled freezing point storage and supercooling storage can effectively improve the quality and freshness of beef, and delay the deterioration of quality.

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徐毓谦,谢菲菲,张德权,李欣,王素,方菲,刘珊珊,侯成立.电场辅助冰温和超冰温贮藏对生鲜牛肉品质的影响[J].中国食品学报,2024,24(5):321-332

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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-19
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-06-20
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