Inner Mongolia traditional dairy products are high quality medium for lactic acid bacteria. In order to preserve lactic acid bacteria resources in camel dairy products in Alxa region of Inner Mongolia and study the microbial diversity， the pure culture method and metagomic sequencing technology were respectively used to evaluate and preserve. Metagenomic results showed that the microbial diversity of fresh camel milk was significantly higher than that of sour camel milk， and 157 species were identified from 18 samples. Lactococcus lactis(13.22%) and Acinetobacter guillouiae (10.65%) were the dominant species. The dominant species were Lactobacillus helveticus (72.66%)， Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens (8.32%) and Lactococcus lactis (4.28%). A total of 121 strains of Lactobacillus were further isolated from the samples by pure culture and identified as 14 species of 4 genera， in which the dominant specie of fresh camel milk is Lactococcus lactis (62.00%). The dominant species were the Lactobacillus helveticus (40.00%) and the Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens (19.00%)， which were consistent with the metapomic results. The combination of metagomic sequencing and pure culture method effectively realized the microbial diversity analysis and Lactobacillus resource mining of camel milk samples， providing a theoretical basis for the industrial production of camel milk and the utilization of lactobacillus resources.