DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid)， a polyunsaturated fatty acid， has many physiological functions， such as promoting brain growth and development， preventing cardiovascular diseases and participating in immune regulation. However， it is extremely unstable and easily affected by light， heat， water， CO₂ and other factors， leading to its oxidation and deterioration. There are many studies on the steady delivery technology of algae oil DHA at home and abroad. Microcapsule technology is one of the more mature methods. It is widely used and can effectively enhance the delivery capacity， storage stability， and bioavailability of algae oil DHA. In this paper， the source， physical and chemical properties， biological activity and delivery system of algae oil DHA were summarized， and the steady-state targeted delivery technology of algae oil DHA microcapsules was emphatically discussed， including the preparation method， delivery system， delivery mechanism and influencing factors of algae oil DHA microcapsules， to provide some theoretical basis and reference for broadening the application range of algae oil DHA in food field.