Food safety is a critical national concern， essential for promoting robust socio-economic development and protecting human health. As the food industry undergoes rapid expansion and globalization intensifies at an unprecedented pace， the issue of food safety has become an increasingly pressing concern. It has become a major issue that requires an urgent global response. With rapid advancements in science and technology， emerging technologies， notably artificial intelligence (AI)， are increasingly being utilized in the field of food safety， showing substantial potential and significant value. With its powerful data processing capability， accurate pattern recognition and predictive analytics， AI provides strong technical support for the prediction and supervision of food safety issues， effectively improving the efficiency and accuracy of food safety management. Artificial intelligence has facilitated the detection of food pathogens， assessment of freshness， prediction of shelf life， identification of food adulteration， and issuance of food safety alerts. Therefore， this review summarizes the research progress of AI in the field of food safety. Firstly， the study primarily introduces the applications of AI in the detection of food safety risk factors， with a particular focus on the detection of microbial contamination in food. Furthermore， summarizes the applications of AI in the evaluation of food quality and safety， including the identification of food adulteration， the prediction of shelf life and the verification of food label authenticity. Additionally， the application of AI in food safety supervision is elaborated， including the development of an early warning system for food safety and the enhancement of food safety traceability technology through intelligent solutions. Finally， the current study discusses the current limitations of AI applications in the field of food safety and envisions future prospects， aiming to provide support for safeguarding public health and promoting the healthy development of the food industry.