This article used transcriptomic analysis and bioinformatics analysis to study the differentially expressed genes at the transcriptional level and related signal transduction pathways of antioxidant peptides from egg white on H2O₂-induced oxidative stress injury in human embryonic kidney 293. The results showed that when HEK293 cells were injured by H2O₂， 866 genes were differentially expressed compared with the control group. When egg white-derived active peptides were added， a total of 226 genes were differentially expressed in the protected group compared to the injured group. Among these genes， 95 genes are expressed in the H2O₂-induced injury group (H2O₂ alone) and the egg white-derived antioxidant peptide protection group (WNWAD+H2O₂). Among these genes， 41 genes were significantly up-regulated (≥2 fold) in HEK293 damaged by hydrogen peroxide， but these genes were significantly down-regulated in HEK293 cells pretreated with WNWAD， an antioxidant peptide derived from egg white； and 47 genes were significantly down-regulated (≤-2 fold) in HEK293 damaged by hydrogen peroxide， but these genes were significantly up-regulated in HEK293 cells pretreated with the anti-oxidant peptide. In the end， these differentially expressed genes were analyzed for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment. The results showed that these differentially expressed genes may be involved in multiple biological processes such as cell proliferation， differentiation， apoptosis， and cell signal transduction. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results show that the differentially expressed genes in HEK293 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide may be involved in the mitogen-activated protein(MAPK) signaling pathway， transforming growth factor signaling pathway， WNT signaling pathway， and hippo signaling pathway， inositol phosphate metabolism， p53 signaling pathway， cancer regulation pathway and many other pathways， these pathways have a greater correlation with oxidative stress and apoptosis. Among them， 13 differential genes are involved in the conduction of MAPK signaling pathway.