Peanut is one of the eight kinds of allergens， which can cause a variety of allergic reactions in the human body， and even endanger the lives of peanut allergy patients. Currently， the most effective treatment for peanut allergy is to avoid contact with products containing peanut matrix. Plant polyphenols may reduce the sensitization of peanut protein from two aspects: On the one hand， plant polyphenols can directly interfere with the mechanism of peanut allergy by affecting related signal transduction and gene expression in the process of allergic reaction. On the other hand， the IgE binding epitopes of peanut sensitized proteins can be masked or destroyed by the interaction of plant polyphenols with peanut proteins， so that they cannot be recognized by IgE antibodies. At present， the treatment of peanut protein with plant polyphenols is considered to be an effective and feasible strategy to reduce its sensitization. In this paper， the types and sequence length of peanut sensitizing proteins and the sensitization mechanism of peanut proteins were reviewed， the factors affecting peanut protein sensitization were summarized， and two desensitization mechanisms of plant polyphenols were introduced， providing theoretical reference for reducing peanut protein sensitization by plant polyphenols.