Fruits and vegetables are rich in diverse functional components such as vitamins， minerals， polysaccharides， polyphenols， terpenoids， and alkaloids， which exhibit multifaceted health benefits essential for maintaining human well-being. Chronic deficiencies in these nutrients may lead to 'hidden hunger'， a condition characterized by dysregulated nutrient sensing and metabolic disorders that contribute to the development of various chronic diseases. As the world's largest producer and cultivator of horticultural crops， China urgently needs to advance research on the physiological effects and mechanisms of novel fruit and vegetable resources. Such efforts are critical for achieving high-value utilization， implementing the national 'Big Food Concept'， addressing hidden hunger， and meeting evolving public health demands. Against the backdrop of sustainable development goals and the 'Dual Carbon Targets'， balancing nutritional accessibility with environmentally responsible production has emerged as a pressing global challenge. This review focused on the theme of 'functional components-green manufacturing-quality improvement and efficiency enhancement'， reviewing key common technologies for functional component discovery， novel health regulation functions， mechanisms of action， and green manufacturing in fruit and vegetable resources， the work establishes a scientific foundation for promoting low-carbon circular economies， resource-efficient valorization， and industrial upgrading in alignment with ecological civilization objectives.